<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u5806\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u5728PEM\u7535\u89e3\u69fd\u4e2d\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u4ef6\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ecBP\uff08\u6d41\u573a\u677f\uff09\u3001GDL\uff08\u6c14\u4f53\u6269\u6563\u5c42\uff09\u3001PEM\uff08\u8d28\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u819c\uff09\u3001\u9634\u6781\u548c\u9633\u6781\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe1(a)<\/span>\u663e\u793a\u4e86PEMWE\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u5355\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u534a\u7535\u6c60\u88abPEM\u9694\u5f00\uff0cPEM\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fd0\u8f93\u8d28\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u963b\u6b62\u4ea7\u7269\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u76f4\u63a5\u6d82\u8986\u4e8e\u819c\u6216\u591a\u5b54\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7535\u6c60\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5c42\u6c89\u79ef\u5728\u819c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5373MEA\uff08\u819c\u7535\u6781\uff09\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u591a\u5b54\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42(\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3aGDL)\u5939\u5728MEA\u7684\u4e24\u4fa7\u3002\u6d41\u573a\u677f(\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3aBP)\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u534a\u7535\u6c60\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7535\u8377\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u70ed\u91cf\u7684\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u7535\u6e90\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6c22\u548c\u6c27\u4ea7\u7269\u901a\u8fc7\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u8868\u9762\uff0cGDL\u548cBP\u4f9d\u6b21\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u7535\u6c60\u3002\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u534a\u7535\u6c60\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8865\u5145\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bc6\u5c01\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6c14\u4f53\u548c\u6c34\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u56fe1\uff1aPEMWE\u7684\u5806\u6808\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5173\u952e\u6750\u6599<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u56fe2\uff1a\u5404\u79cdPFSA\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u819c\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n \u56fe3\uff1aPEMWE\u4e2d\u4e09\u79cdMEA\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u56fe4\uff1a\u8d85\u58f0\u6ce2\u55b7\u6d82\u6cd5<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u56fe5\uff1a\u5377\u5bf9\u5377\u8fde\u7eed\u6d82\u5e03\u6cd5<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u56fe6\uff1a\u5728MCTS\u8584\u819c\u4e0a\u751f\u957f\u7684NSTF\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u6a2a\u622a\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u653e\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u4e09\u3001\u6c14\u4f53\u6269\u6563\u5c42\uff08GDL\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u56fe8\uff1a\u8584\u949bGDL\u529f\u80fd\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n (1\uff09GDL\u5fc5\u987b\u8010\u8150\u8680\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u9633\u6781OER\u7684\u9ad8\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u3001\u6c27\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c34\u5206\u88c2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u9ad8\u9178\u6027\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n (2) GDL\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u7535\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u548c\u4f4e\u7535\u963b\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n (3) GDL\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u819c\u63d0\u4f9b\u673a\u68b0\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u538b\u5dee\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c14\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6392\u51fa\uff0c\u6c34\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u6548\u5730\u9006\u6d41\u5230\u50ac\u5316\u5c42\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u56fe9\uff1a\u626b\u63cf\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c(SEM)\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u826f\u597d\u5b54\u9699GDL\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u949b\u6be1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u56fe10\uff1a\u4e0d\u540cGDL\u6027\u80fd\u5bf9\u6bd4\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u56fe11\uff1a\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u89c6\u9891\u622a\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b54\u5185\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \u540c\u65f6\uff0cGDL\u7684\u8010\u4e45\u6027\u548c\u8870\u51cf\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u96c6\u7535\u6781\u964d\u89e3\u4e00\u822c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5316\u5b66\u964d\u89e3\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u964d\u89e3\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\u3002\u5316\u5b66\u964d\u89e3\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u8150\u8680\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u673a\u68b0\u964d\u89e3\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u538b\u7f29\u529b\u3001\u6eb6\u89e3\u548c\u6c34\u70ed\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4fb5\u8680\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u949b\u7684\u964d\u89e3\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u8868\u9762\u949d\u5316\u548c\u6c22\u8106\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u949b\u5728\u9ad8\u7535\u4f4d\u3001\u9ad8\u6e7f\u5ea6\u3001\u5bcc\u6c27\u5316\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5bb9\u6613\u949d\u5316\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u5c42\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u819c\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u949b\u4e0e\u96c6\u6db2\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u7535\u963b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u949b\u57fa\u6750\u6599\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u6c22\u8106\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u949b\u677f\u901a\u5e38\u6d82\u6709\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u5982Au\u6216Pt\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u8010\u4e45\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42,\u8fd9\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5176\u6210\u672c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u3001\u9ad8\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u3001\u9ad8\u8010\u8150\u8680\u3001\u6297\u6c22\u8106\u7684\u6d82\u5c42\u6750\u6599\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u61c8\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002GDL\u3001BP\u548cPEM\u4ee5\u9ad8\u538b\u7f29\u529b\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6c34\/\u6c14\u4f53\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u538b\u7f29\u529b\u5f3a\u70c8\u5f71\u54cdGDL\/\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5c42\u754c\u9762\u548cGDL\/BP\u754c\u9762\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u89e3\u69fd\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002GDL\u5728\u6b64\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5c40\u90e8\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5668\u4ef6\u7684\u4f20\u8d28\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u5668\u4ef6\u5bff\u547d\u3002\u5149\u6ed1\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\u6536\u96c6\u8868\u9762\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u63a5\u89e6\u963b\u529b\u548c\u9632\u6b62\u964d\u89e3\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n \u56db\u3001\u53cc\u6781\u677f\uff08BP\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u56fe12\uff1aa)\u9540\u91d1\u4e0d\u9508\u94a2bp\u7684\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u827a:(b)\u5728\u4e0d\u9508\u94a2\u4e0a\u6c89\u79efPt\/Ti\u548cPt\u6d82\u5c42\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u8150\u8680\u8bd5\u9a8c\u540ePt\/Ti\/\u4e0d\u9508\u94a2\u548cPt\/\u4e0d\u9508\u94a2\u7684\u7167\u7247\u3002(c)\u5e73\u884c\u6d41\u9053\u3001\u5f15\u811a\u6d41\u9053\u548c\u5e26GDL\u5f15\u811a\u6d41\u9053\u3002(d)\u4e0d\u540c\u9634\u6781\u677f\u7684PEMWE\u6781\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n \u56fe13\uff1a(a) - (e) PEM\u7535\u89e3\u69fd\u5185\u4e0d\u540c\u6d41\u573a\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002(f)\u4e0d\u540c\u6d41\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u4e0b\u9633\u6781\u4fa7\u51fa\u53e3\u6d41\u9053\u7684\u6781\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n
\n<\/span><\/section>\n